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Saturday, June 18, 2011
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GRE, GMAT and LSAT
1
Higher Score
Guaranteed
on the
GRE, GMAT and LSAT
Table of Contents
Higher Score Guaranteed
on the GRE, GMAT and LSAT
4 Congratulations!
5 Installation and Tech Support
6 Getting Started
7 Your Profile
8 The Lessons
9 Reference and Games
11 Admissions
12 Testing
19 Analysis and Printing
23 Explanations
25 Help and Preferences
4
Congratulations!
You've purchased the best test prep software on the market, the software
that's more fun than an abacus and more educational than an overhead
projector. Higher Score Guaranteed on the GRE, GMAT and LSAT is the
most comprehensive, instructive, and entertaining software product in the
field of test prep to arrive since...well, since the dawn of humankind!
In this software, you get:
• Interactive Lessons detailing the famed Kaplan approaches to each
question type
• Full-length and Practice Tests, so that you can try out your new skills
as you move through the sessions
• Your own personalized study plan based on your needs
• A Writing sample area for LSAT
• A Math Review section, for reviewing mathematical concepts
• Math and Grammar Flashcards on the GMAT and Vocabulary and
Math Flashcards on the GRE
• A GRE Vocabulary Builder
• Fast-action games for reviewing Vocabulary and Math for the GRE
and GMAT
• Invaluable Admissions information and more!
Higher Score Guaranteed on the GRE, GMAT and LSAT provides the tools
that will help you devise your own personal test-taking plan. Each test you
take is closely analyzed, with detailed feedback on your strategic
performance.
Naturally, every question comes with a complete explanation. And our
detailed scoring charts will track your progress on every type of question.
Only Higher Score Guaranteed on the GRE, GMAT and LSAT offers this
range of features essential for successful test performance.
5
Installation and Tech Support
Installation
Windows CD-ROM version:
1. Start your PC and Windows. Insert the Higher Score CD into the
CDROM drive.
2. From the Start menu, select Run and type d:\gresetup.exe for the GRE,
d:\gmtsetup.exe for the GMAT, or d:\lstsetup.exe for the LSAT (where d:
is your CD-ROM drive). Press ENTER.
Tech Support
If you have any questions or problems that don’t seem to be covered in this
manual, visit our website at www.kaptest.com.
6
Getting Started
Start Your Engines!
The first time you start the program you will be given the option of taking a Guided
Tour to introduce you to the features of Higher Score. You may view the Guided Tour
any time by clicking on the tour icon on the main menu, but it will not appear again
automatically. The Guided Tour is followed by Your Profile, where we ask you for
your study preferences and use them to develop your customized study plan.
Navigator Help: The first time you see a new interface (for admissions, reference and
games, and lessons), you will view a video featuring one of your guides describing
the features of the area you are in. If you would like to replay this video at any time,
click on the Help button located on the submenu screen.
The Main Menu
Go directly to the next item
on your plan by clicking on
the Next Stop sign.
The Progress
Bar tells how
much of your
plan you’ve
completed.
Jump to any
item in your
plan with the
Plan List.
Click the Lessons icon (the suitcase)
to choose a lesson.
Play games, test your
vocabulary skills, use
flashcards, or read the test
FAQ in the Reference
Lounge.
Test Center:
Take diagnostic,
practice and
final tests,
and get
feedback!
The Admissions Office has info on
choosing, getting into, and paying
for school, plus scholarship search,
schools search, and comparative
score features.
Click WWW
on the car to
visit Kaplan
online.
Click Quit to exit
the program.
Click Tour
to take the
tour again.
7
The Menus
u The File Menu lets you set up your Printer and Exit the program.
u The Options menu lets you Set Preferences and view Your Profile.
u The Goto menu can take you to the Lessons, Tests, Reference and Games, and
Admissions areas.
u The Help menu will take you to the Help system or to the Test Tutorial.
Your Profile
Choose Your Profile from the Options menu to update your settings or view Your
Plan. Personalized just for you and customized to your individual needs, Your Plan is
based on two things:
• Your Settings
• Your Diagnostic test results
We recommend that you take the Diagnostic test at the beginning of your preparation,
in order to truly personalize Your Plan. If you prefer to skip the Diagnostic, then
under Settings, choose a plan that is not based on the Diagnostic in Your Profile.
At any time you may update Your Plan by choosing Your Profile from the Options
menu and changing Your Settings. Click on Show New Plan to view the results.
Accept your new plan by choosing OK, or cancel the changes by choosing Cancel.
Your Plan will include only lessons, tests and math reviews.
You may jump to items on Your Plan in several ways:
• Choose Your Profile from the Options menu and choose an item from Your Plan.
• Select an item from the plan drop-down menus conveniently located on the Main
Menu, Lessons submenu, and Test Center.
• Go directly to the next item on your plan by clicking in the Next Stop area on the
Main Menu.
Completed pieces of your plan are checked (but you can always return to them by
clicking again).
8
The Lessons
Overview
Each scored question type on the
exam has its own lesson covering:
u The nuts and bolts of the
question type (directions,
how many, timing)
u What you need to know
u The basic Kaplan approach
u Strategies, shortcuts, answering
questions when you’re not sure
u Time management
Lesson Navigation
To move to the next page in a Lesson, click the Forward arrow button . To move to
the previous page, click the Back arrow button . You can push the Replay button
to replay the section you’re in. Clicking on the tabs along the bottom of the screen
will take you to the different sections of the lesson, or to Drills within the lesson.
To quit the session and return to the Main Menu, click the Main button .
Sample Questions in Lessons
Sample questions appear throughout the Lessons. Questions with answer bubbles are
exercises for you to answer: clicking directly on the bubble will show the explanation
of that particular choice. When you answer questions in drills, you’ll have the option
of clicking the Hint button for some help.
9
Reference and Games
Located in the Reference Lounge.
Overview
While the Lessons emphasize the strategic part of test taking – how to
approach the questions, shortcuts for finding the right answer, how to save
time – to score well in math you’ve also got to know basic arithmetic,
algebra and geometry concepts. Similarly, expanding your vocabulary is
invaluable in boosting your verbal score. Some areas of the GMAT require
grammar knowledge, which you can review by using flashcards. The
Reference and Games area covers this content in a variety of ways.
Frequently Asked Questions: Click on the GRE, GMAT or LSAT FAQ,
then click highlighted links for the answers to lots of questions about the
test or about Kaplan.
Vocabulary Builder: Choose the Vocabulary Builder (GRE only) to hone
your vocabulary skills. Match 50 words with their definitions per round.
Select words you missed for later review in the flashcards by clicking the
“Select All” button when the games ends. For Each correct match you will
receive 10 points. For each incorrect match you will lose 5 points. You will
receive 20 additional bonus points for matching all the words in a round.
Flashcards: The Flashcards summarize the math, grammar or vocabulary
you need to know for your test. You can print the vocabulary flashcards by
clicking on the print button on the flashcard screen. You will be presented
with a dialog that gives you the option to print the current flashcard, your
selected flashcards, or all flashcards.
• You can view the Flashcards from the Reference Lounge. You can move
through the Flashcards by using the left and right arrow buttons, or by
clicking the topic buttons at the bottom of the screen — in Vocabulary,
these will be the first letter of the word; in Math and Grammar, they will be
various topics. These buttons will take you to the first card in that topic or
letter.
10
• The Flip button will flip the card over so you can see the other side. You
can choose to see the word (vocabulary) or question (math), then flip to the
definition or answer, or choose to flip from the definition or answer to the
word or question by using the Word/Definition lever. Just move the lever to
your desired setting. Writing and Grammar cards are one-sided and do not
flip. You can also click directly on the flashcard to flip it.
• You can select particular cards to be saved for review. When you’re
viewing a card you wish to select, click the Select button and the card will
be added to the Selected group. When you want to look at the cards you’ve
selected, move the Selected/All lever to the Selected position and those
cards will be displayed. You can clear the selected cards by clicking Clear
Selected. You can go back to the regular view by moving the lever to the
All position.
Games (GRE and GMAT): The Games are fun and exciting — plus, they
reinforce the skills you’ll need to succeed on the test! Each game is played
on a 2-by-4 grid of boxes. The object is always the same: match the two
boxes that are related in some way. The pieces you pair vary depending on
the game you choose (math or verbal). Before each game, you'll receive
instructions explaining what you are to match.
To make a match, first click on one box with your mouse. This will
highlight the box. Then click on the box that best matches the highlighted
box. To deselect a highlighted box, click on it again.
For every correct match, you will receive 20 points. For every incorrect
match, you will lose 5 points.
The pieces change position during the game. You can adjust the speed of
the changes (slow, fast).
11
Admissions
Click on highlighted text to get more information on topics like: Early
Decision, Essays, Financial Aid and Recommendations. The calendar,
based on Kaplan’s time-tested approach to graduate school admissions, will
help you decide where, when and how to apply!
Compare Scores — GMAT and LSAT
You can access Compare Scores through the Admissions area, by clicking
on “Where Do I Stand.” It’s also available in the GoTo menu at the top of
the screen.
Compare Scores allows you to compare your previous GMAT or LSAT
score (you can enter this in the Profile) or your most recent full-length test
score from the software with the average GMAT or LSAT scores of students
at over 400 business and law schools.
Choose which score you want to compare at the top of the screen, then
scroll through the list of graduate schools to find the school you want to
compare with. To move quickly in the list, type the first letter of the school
you want.
If you don’t have a score to compare with, the graph will only show the
average scores of the school you’ve chosen.
You can also link to law and business school web sites by clicking the globe
icon and the name of any school with the small globe icon next to its name.
12
Testing
The Test Center, located on the Main Menu, is the place to go to start tests,
get feedback or see your scores. Use the Your Plan drop-down menu to
navigate to items in Your Plan.
Test you’ve already taken will appear checked off. To view your results or
take the test over, simply double-click that test and select the appropriate
choice from the resulting dialog.
Overview
There are three kinds of tests in Higher Score Guaranteed on the GRE,
GMAT and LSAT:
The Diagnostic is a half-length test that covers all the question types. We
use it to develop Your Plan, give you a baseline score, and analyze your
strategic performance.
The Practice Tests are section-length tests that cover one particular area.
Use them to practice using the Lessons and to build up your stamina.
The Full-Length Tests should be taken near the end of your preparation.
Your analysis will tell you how well you’re using the Lessons and give you
specific advice for test day.
14
Taking a Test
Before starting, you should have the following materials:
• Scrap paper and a pencil if appropriate
• GRE and LSAT: Paper copies of the Diagnostic and Full-length Tests
You do not need a clock as the program will time you.
To begin a test, click on the test you want to take in the Test Center, or click on it in
your Plan. If you have already taken the test, you will have a choice of reviewing your
results or resetting the test. Resetting a test will erase your previous work and allow
you to retake it. You will be offered a short tutorial before beginning your first test.
(If you want to see it again later, go to Help.)
Features of the LSAT Pencil-and-Paper Tests
Here are the options you’ll have if you’re preparing for the LSAT.
The SmartGrid Option
You may choose to view the questions
on the screen, or may follow
along in your test booklet. If you
wish to use the test booklet, then you
may choose the SmartGrid option;
in this mode, you will view only the
answer grid on the screen. The
disadvantage of SmartGrid is that the
program will not record any question
timing information.
Test Mode and Tutor Mode
You may take the Practice Tests (everything other than the Diagnostic and Full-length
Tests) either in Test Mode or in Tutor Mode. In Tutor Mode, you may see hints for the
questions while taking the test, and the test is not timed. We recommend that you use
Tutor Mode at the beginning of your preparation as you use strategies for the first
time. You may set a default for Tutor or Test Mode through the Set Preferences Screen
in the Options menu.
15
The Testing Screen
The Testing Screen contains a Toolbar (Control Bar) on the top, and the Question
Screen on the bottom. Use the Toolbar to move from one question to another, to
indicate your confidence level (Sure or Unsure), to mark questions, and to indicate
when you have finished a section. The Toolbar also displays two clocks, which show
the time spent per question and the time remaining in the section.
The window below the Toolbar shows the question. If the question is based on a
passage, the passage will appear to the left of the question. If the question or passage
is longer than the screen, scroll bars will appear to the right of the passage window.
You may view directions or relevant references during the exam through the Windows
pull-down menu. Online help is also available through the Help menu. Note that the
clock continues to run while you are in Help.
Navigating Through the Test
As you begin each section, the first question will be displayed. The question number
and the section number are both displayed on the Toolbar.
After selecting your answer choice, use the Right Arrow button to move on to the next
question. You can use the Right or Left Arrow buttons to move to the next or previous
question in the section. The right arrow button will not operate once you have reached
the last question in the section.
At any time you may press the Goto button to see a record of your answer choices
within the section. You can then move to any question directly by clicking on the
question number and pressing the ENTER key.
16
Selecting an Answer Choice
To select an answer choice, click on
the bubble to the left of the answer
choice. The bubble will darken.
Clicking again will unselect your
choice. Selecting a new answer choice
will automatically cancel your previous
selection. The program will keep
track of when you change answers,
and whether you change from a wrong
to a right answer or vice versa. (Or whether you change from one wrong answer to
another wrong one.)
Eliminating Answer Choices From Consideration
If you know an answer is wrong, you can eliminate it by clicking directly on the text
of the choice itself (rather than on the bubble). A line will appear through the choice.
Clicking on it again will make the line disappear. The program will track your success
in eliminating wrong choices.
Note: You cannot eliminate every answer choice for a given question. To get the most
accurate performance analysis, eliminate choices only as you try to identify the
correct answer. Once you’ve chosen your answer, don’t eliminate any more choices.
Marking Questions
Mark a question for later review by clicking the Mark It button. A check mark will
appear to indicate that the question is marked. When you use the Goto button to move
to the Answer Grid window, Marked questions will be indicated. To return to a
Marked question from the Grid, click on the line corresponding to the question and
press ENTER.
Confidence
Indicate your level of confidence in your response by clicking the Sure or Unsure
button. Use these buttons only when you are very sure or very unsure. If you have
only moderate confidence in your choice, do not click either button.
17
Timing
Two clocks display the time remaining in the section and the elapsed time on the
current question. If you find a clock distracting, click on it to hide the time from view.
Click again to restore the time. The clock runs when you are viewing questions,
indicating answer choices and eliminations, accessing help, browsing through a
section, and viewing the Goto screen. If you are interrupted for an extended period
while taking the test, you should abort the section by clicking the Erase button and
begin the section again.
You will receive a warning when there are five minutes remaining in the section, and
another warning when there is one minute remaining. The computer will also tell you
when your time has elapsed. (To simulate real test conditions, this option isn’t possible
during the Diagnostic or Full-length Tests.)
Using SmartGrid
If you take a test using SmartGrid, choose your answer by clicking on the answer
bubble and note your confidence level by checking the appropriate box. If you want,
you may mark questions and return to them later.
To eliminate answer choices:
• For Windows users, click on the bubble with your right mouse button.
• For Macintosh users, hold down the option key while clicking on the bubble.
Using Tutor Mode
If you take a Practice Test in Tutor Mode, the highlighted word Explanation will
appear beneath the question. To view the explanation, click on the word.
Finishing a Test
Use the Erase and Finished buttons when you are through with a test (or a section of
a full-length test). The Erase button will delete the information on the section you are
working on. Note that it deletes the information ONLY for that one section in a fulllength
test. If you choose Erase during a full-length test, resuming the test will bring
you back to the beginning of the same section.
Use the Finished button when you are done with a section and want to keep the
record. When you finish a practice test, you may see your results and the explanations.
When you finish a section in the Diagnostic or Full-length Test, you may
continue to the next section.
18
Features of the GMAT and GRE CATs
Here are the options you’ll have if you’re preparing for the GMAT or GRE computeradaptive
tests (CATs).
Testing Screen
The CAT testing screen works just like the computer-adaptive GMAT and GRE tests.
The screen contains a Toolbar on the bottom, below the question screen. Use the
Toolbar to move from one question to another and to indicate when you have finished
a section.
The window above the toolbar shows the question. If the question is based on a
passage, the passage will appear to the left of the question. If the question or passage
is longer than the screen, scroll bars will appear to the right.
Navigating Through the Test
As you begin each section, the first question will be displayed. The question number
and the section name are both displayed at the top of the testing screen. You must
answer the question on screen before another question is displayed.
Selecting an Answer Choice
To select an answer choice, click on
the choice or on the bubble to its left.
The bubble will darken. Clicking
again, or clicking on another choice,
will unselect your first choice. The
program will keep track of your
answers and whether you change
wrong answers to right or vice versa.
After selecting your answer choice, use the Next button, then the Answer Confirm
button, to move on to the next question. If you have only clicked Next, you can
change your answer. Once you click Answer Confirm, however, your answer is
permanent and the next question is automatically displayed.
19
Analysis and Printing
Overview
The Analysis offered at the end of a test is one of the unique features of the Higher
Score software. It allows you to evaluate the success of your test-taking strategies, and
can tell you things you may not have suspected about your performance. The information
is presented to you in tables, analyzing your performance by question type. For
example, you can tell easily whether eliminating choices is helping you more on
Reading than on other question types. This allows you to compile your own personalized
strategy plan for test day. In addition, bullet points highlight important points and
crucial advice for your future performance. Keep in mind, of course, that the analysis
is based on a small amount of data. Nevertheless, you should examine the analysis
closely.
Once you finish an exam, you can view your results. The Diagnostic and Full-length
Test Analysis includes a number of separate screens analyzing your performance.
(Each practice test has one summary analysis screen).
Diagnostic and Full-length Test Analysis
For the Diagnostic and Full-length Tests, the first screen shows the different options
available in Analysis Mode. The same buttons appear on each Analysis screen.
• The Main button returns you to the Main interface screen.
• The Scores button provides your raw and scaled test scores, percentile rankings,
and a table containing the number of questions correct, incorrect, omitted, and not
reached.
Your raw score is calculated from your number correct. It is then converted to a scaled
score. On the actual exam, this scaled score is reported to schools. The scaled score is
converted to a percentile ranking, which shows how you performed relative to a larger
group of test takers. A score in the 65th percentile, for example, indicates that you
scored higher than 65 percent of the students in the larger group.
20
The Scoring Table
The Scoring Table includes information on items Omitted and those Not Reached. A
question that you look at but choose not to answer counts as an Omit; a question that
you have not seen (or saw for less than five seconds) is considered Not Reached.
Neither counts towards your score, but pay attention to the Not Reached: a significant
number of Not Reached questions suggests that you have a timing problem.
Note: The Scoring Table will not track this information for GMAT and GRE CAT
since skipping questions is not permitted on computer-adaptive exams.
• The Types button gives you a bar graph showing the percentage of questions
correct by Question Type. It also provides a table organized by test section, showing
the percentage correct, the average time per question, and the number of questions
not reached.
Using the Analysis Information
Use the information provided in the
Question Type tables to determine
your areas of relative strength and
weakness and to plan your course of
preparation leading up to Test Day.
The tables also provide breakdowns of
specific question subtypes, so that you
can precisely focus your study where
it will do the most good. In addition,
these subtypes also appear in the
Scoring screens, allowing you to track your progress through Higher Score.
Other Analysis Screens
The other Analysis screens include a chart showing your strategic performance on the
test, listed by question type, as well as short bullet points identifying key points and
recommendations.
21
For LSAT tests:
• Sure/Unsure analyzes your performance in terms of the confidence level you
assigned to your responses. Organized by Question Type, it indicates the percentage
correct on questions you felt relatively sure of, and the percentage correct on
questions you felt unsure of.
This analysis is particularly useful because you assign the confidence rating at the
moment of truth, as you are answering each question. If there is a mismatch between
your expressed confidence and your performance, you will be notified by
bullet-point messages. Be on the lookout not only for misplaced confidence (which
can prevent you from giving a question the careful consideration it deserves) but
also for a tendency to underrate your knowledge, which can lead to hesitation or
even skipping questions that you might have gotten right.
• Answer Changing lets you know how good you are at second-guessing your
answers. A table organized by Question Type shows the number of times you
switched from an incorrect answer to a correct one, and the number of times you
switched away from the correct response.
Too much answer changing is not helpful—even if you’re switching to the correct
response, choosing it directly saves time. But sometimes you’ll have to decide
whether to go with your first instinct or with your second (or third) opinion. This
analysis tracks your success at switching. If there is a trend in either direction,
you’ll be notified by a bullet-point message. Then you’ll have a better idea whether
to trust that impulse to switch on the next test you face.
• Elimination provides several types of information. On the most basic level, a table
organized by Question Type shows the number of questions you got correct using
the elimination strategy, and the number of times you eliminated the correct answer.
Messages will tell you whether you generally keep the correct answer in
contention when you eliminate choices, and whether you tend to select the correct
choice from the remaining contenders.
Using the Elimination Strategy well is one of the most powerful ways to improve
your score. Remember, indicate only those answer choices you are able to eliminate
before you settle on your final choice. That way, the program can give you an
accurate analysis of whether you recognize wrong choices when you see them, and
22
whether, having successfully narrowed the field of contenders, you then go on to
score points. After all, identifying wrong choices is only useful if you get the
question right!
• Timing gives you a table organized by Question Type, showing the average time
you spent before settling on correct responses and on incorrect responses. It provides
a listing of the five correct items and five incorrect items on which you spent
the greatest amount of time. (Note that this list does not include questions with
passages; those naturally take longer since you need to read the passage.) It also
gives the average amount of time you spent on questions of low, moderate, and
high difficulty.
Using your time wisely is essential to scoring well. Too much time spent on a
difficult question can hurt your score if you don’t have time to reach an easier
question—and you still might not get that difficult question right! The Timing
screen will tell you whether your perseverance pays off or penalizes you.
For GMAT and GRE CATs:
Answer Changing lets you know how good you are at second-guessing your answers.
A table organized by Question Type shows the number of times you switched
from an incorrect answer to a correct one, and the number of times you switched
away from the correct response.
Too much answer changing is not helpful—even if you’re switching to the correct
response, choosing it directly saves time. But sometimes you’ll have to decide
whether to go with your first instinct or your second (or third) opinion. This analysis
tracks your success at switching. If there is a trend in either direction, you’ll be
notified by a bullet-point message. Then you’ll have a better idea whether to trust that
impulse to switch on the next test you face.
Timing gives you a table organized by question type, showing the average time you
spent before settling on correct responses and incorrect responses. It also provides a
list of the amount of time spent on the first five items—the crucial items—in each
section. (Note that this list does not include items with passages; those naturally take
you longer because you need to read the passage.) The Timing screen helps you see
whether you are spending enough time on the all-important first five questions in each
section to answer them correctly.
23
Practice Test Analysis
The Practice Test Analysis screen shows your performance on the test, and highlights
your use of elimination techniques, your answer changing, your confidence, and your
performance on the five longest questions. Compare your strategic performance on
different tests as you proceed through them.
Printing
You can print any of the Analysis screens by moving to the screen you want to print,
then clicking the Print button. To select or set up your printer, choose Printer Setup
from the File menu.
Explanations
Overview
To view explanations to a test, choose the Explain Answers button from the Analysis
screen. For a multisection test, entering the explanations will enable the Explanations
pull-down menu; use this menu to navigate from one section to another. Within a
section, you can use the Goto or Review List button to move quickly from one question
to another. The Goto screen in Explanations Mode has two options: the Summary
view (the default) shows you the question number and whether you answered the
question correctly. You can easily move to your next incorrect response by just
double-clicking on the question number. Clicking the Details button in the Goto
screen shows your response, the correct response, your confidence level, the question
timing, and the category of the question. You will not always need this level of detail,
but it will prove handy when (for instance) you want to review all your Unsure questions,
for example, or all questions on a particular topic.
The Explanation Window
Each Explanation Window shows the question and its explanation, as well as your
answer, confidence level, eliminations, and other strategic approaches. To view
passages accompanying questions or the passage explanation, use the pull-down
menu. You may quit Explanations Mode by clicking on the Main Menu button at any
point. To return to the explanations of a test you took previously, select the test from
the Goto menu, and choose View Results.
24
Scoring
The Scoring Screens offer invaluable tools for tracking your performance through the
Higher Score. The first screen shows your overall scores on the Diagnostic and Fulllength
Tests; each question type gets its own screen, showing your performance by
category for all tests. For instance, you can track your progress on each type of
reading question throughout Higher Score and use this information to fine-tune your
study plans.
Score Reports
Your performances on the Diagnostic, Practice Tests, and Full-Length Tests are
charted on bar graphs. This is a visual representation of your progress through the
tests. To reach the Scoring area, either click on the Scoring icon on the dashboard,
or choose Scoring from the Test Center. The Scoring Overview screen compares your
performance on the Full-Length tests. If you wish to see your improvement in a
particular question type, select from
the buttons on the right of the
screen. Each Question Type screen
displays your overall progress for
that question type, and further
breaks down your performance by
category, again using easy-to-read
bar graphs.
In some cases, there may be too
many tests to show on one screen.
In that case, the screen will show a
subset of all the tests. To look at scoring information for other tests, click on the
button below one of the bars: this will produce a menu showing all the tests. Choose
the appropriate test from the menu, and its scoring information will appear above the
button.
25
Help and Preferences
Help
To enter the Help system, use the Help pulldown menu. The pulldown menu also
offers the Test Tutorial.
Setting Preferences
Choosing Set Preferences gives you a
screen with several options.
• SmartGrid or On-Screen Questions.
Use these for Diagnostic and
Full-Length Tests on the LSAT.
• Tutor or Test Mode. Choose
whether you want to access explanations
during a Practice Test on
LSAT pencil-and-paper tests.
• Distracting Sounds in Tests. One of the hard parts of taking a standardized test is
concentrating on the test itself and tuning out other noises. To simulate a test
environment, turn on the distracting sounds.
• Grad Bit. Upon completing a lesson or test, you’ll be shown a fun fact about
graduate school. To stop these from appearing, choose this option.
• Skip Intro. Choose whether to skip the intro movies when starting Higher Score.
• Browser. Allows you to choose a Web Browser.
26
Acknowledgments
Reading passages in these tests, as on the actual GRE, GMAT and LSAT, are condensed and adapted
from published material. The ideas contained in them do not necessarily represent the opinions of
Kaplan, Inc. To make the test suitable for testing purposes, we may in some cases have altered the style
or emphases of the original.
Kaplan, Inc.wishes to thank the following for permission to reprint excerpts from published material
used with test questions appearing herein:
GRE:
“Art and Experience in Classical Greece,” by J. J. Pollitt, © 1972 Cambridge University Press.
Reproduced with the permission of Cambridge University Press.
GMAT:
“The Multisectoral Framework for the Analysis of Labor Mobility and Development in LDC’s: an
Application to Post-War Puerto Rico,” by Carlos E. Santiago and Erik Thornbeke, Economic Development
and Cultural Change, vol. 37, no. 1, October 1988. Copyright © 1988 by the University of
Chicago Press. Reprinted by the authors and Chicago Press.
“Hot Gas in the Universe,” by Roger A. Chevalier and Craig L. Sarazin, American Scientist, November-
December 1987, vol. 75, p. 609.
Nan Elizabeth Woodruff’s review of Barbara Jeanne Field’s SLAVERY AND FREEDOM IN THE
MIDDLE GROUND in Journal of Social History, vol. 20, Summer, 1987 pp. 807-809.
“The Profit Motive in Medicine,” by Dan W. Brock and Allen E. Buchanan, Journal of Medicine and
Philosophy, vol. 12(1987). Copyright © by The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, Inc. Reprinted by
permission.
“Sharing the Burden of the International Debt Crisis,” by Stanley Fischer, American Economic Review,
vol. 77, May 1977. Reprinted by permission of American Economic Review.
“When Are Interests Interesting? The Problem of Political Representation of Women,” by Virginia
Sapiro, American Political Science Review, vol. 75, 1981. Reprinted with permission of American
Political Science Review.
LSAT:
“Adaptive Management: Learning from the Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program,” by Kai
N. Lee and Jody Lawrence, Environmental Law, vol. 16, no. 3, Spring 1986. Reprinted by permission
of Environmental Law.
“The Evolutionary Tradition in Jurisprudence,” by E. Donald Elliot. This article originally appeared in
85 Colum. L. Rev. 38 (1985). Copyright © 1985. Reprinted with permission of Columbia Law Review.
“Black Power and the Transformation from Protest to Politics,” by Robert C. Smith. Reprinted with
permission from Political Science Quarterly, 96 (Fall 1981) pp. 431-443.
“Extremist Speech and the Paradox of Tolerance - a review of Lee C. Bollinger’s ‘The Tolerant
Society: Freedom of Speech and Extremist Speech in America’,” by Michael Rosenfeld, Harvard Law
Review, vol. 100, no. 6, June 1987. Copied with permission, © 1988 by the President and Fellows of
Harvard College.
27
“Law and the Innovative Process: Preliminary Reflections,” by Aryeh S. Friedman. Reprinted by
permission of the author and Columbia Business Law Review, vol. 1986, no. 1.
“Licensure of Health Care Professionals: The Consumer’s Case for Abolition,” by Charles H. Baron.
Reprinted with permission from American Journal of Law and Medicine, vol. 9, no. 3. Copyright ©
1983 by American Society of Law and Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
“Must Virtue Be Taught?” by Thomas D. Eissele, originally printed in The Journal of Legal Education,
vol. 37 December 1987. Copyright © 1987.
“Reforming Environmental Regulation: Three Modest Proposals,” by Paul R. Portney, Columbia
Journal of Environmental Law, vol. 13: 201-215 (1988). Reprinted with permission of Columbia
Journal of Environmental Law.
“The Republic Reborn by Steven Watts” a review by Fred Anderson, American Historical Review, vol.
94, no. 2 (April 1989) p. 516. Reprinted by permission of American Historical Review.
“Social Policy and the Welfare of Black Americans: From Rights to Resources,” by Charles V.
Hamilton, Political Science Quarterly, vol. 101, no. 2, 1986. Reprinted by permission, Political Science
Quarterly.
“Sacred Groves and Ravaged Gardens,” by Louise Westling, The University of Georgia Press, 1985.
Copyright © 1985.
“The Wages of Sex: The Uses and Limits of Comparable Worth,” by Paul Weiler, Harvard Law Review,
Vol. 99: 1728 (1986). Reprinted by permission of Harvard Law Review and Paul Weiler.
“Sound Effects” provided courtesy of Dominion Entertainment, Inc.
Photo Credits:
© Archive Photos/Edwin Levick/PNI © Hulton Deutsch/PNI
© Culver Pictures/PNI © Magnum/Chris Steele-Perkins/PNI
GRE is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service, which does not endorse or sponsor this
product. GMAT is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admission Council, which does
not endorse or sponsor this product. LSAT is a registered trademark of the Law School Admission
Council, which does not endorse or sponsor this product.
28
Software License Agreement
Software License/Disclaimer of Warranties
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the “Software”) are all proprietary copyrighted materials owned by Kaplan Educational Center Ltd. (“Kaplan”)
or its licensors.
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Copyright © 2003, Kaplan, Inc. All rights reserved.
Higher Score
Guaranteed
on the
GRE, GMAT and LSAT
Table of Contents
Higher Score Guaranteed
on the GRE, GMAT and LSAT
4 Congratulations!
5 Installation and Tech Support
6 Getting Started
7 Your Profile
8 The Lessons
9 Reference and Games
11 Admissions
12 Testing
19 Analysis and Printing
23 Explanations
25 Help and Preferences
4
Congratulations!
You've purchased the best test prep software on the market, the software
that's more fun than an abacus and more educational than an overhead
projector. Higher Score Guaranteed on the GRE, GMAT and LSAT is the
most comprehensive, instructive, and entertaining software product in the
field of test prep to arrive since...well, since the dawn of humankind!
In this software, you get:
• Interactive Lessons detailing the famed Kaplan approaches to each
question type
• Full-length and Practice Tests, so that you can try out your new skills
as you move through the sessions
• Your own personalized study plan based on your needs
• A Writing sample area for LSAT
• A Math Review section, for reviewing mathematical concepts
• Math and Grammar Flashcards on the GMAT and Vocabulary and
Math Flashcards on the GRE
• A GRE Vocabulary Builder
• Fast-action games for reviewing Vocabulary and Math for the GRE
and GMAT
• Invaluable Admissions information and more!
Higher Score Guaranteed on the GRE, GMAT and LSAT provides the tools
that will help you devise your own personal test-taking plan. Each test you
take is closely analyzed, with detailed feedback on your strategic
performance.
Naturally, every question comes with a complete explanation. And our
detailed scoring charts will track your progress on every type of question.
Only Higher Score Guaranteed on the GRE, GMAT and LSAT offers this
range of features essential for successful test performance.
5
Installation and Tech Support
Installation
Windows CD-ROM version:
1. Start your PC and Windows. Insert the Higher Score CD into the
CDROM drive.
2. From the Start menu, select Run and type d:\gresetup.exe for the GRE,
d:\gmtsetup.exe for the GMAT, or d:\lstsetup.exe for the LSAT (where d:
is your CD-ROM drive). Press ENTER.
Tech Support
If you have any questions or problems that don’t seem to be covered in this
manual, visit our website at www.kaptest.com.
6
Getting Started
Start Your Engines!
The first time you start the program you will be given the option of taking a Guided
Tour to introduce you to the features of Higher Score. You may view the Guided Tour
any time by clicking on the tour icon on the main menu, but it will not appear again
automatically. The Guided Tour is followed by Your Profile, where we ask you for
your study preferences and use them to develop your customized study plan.
Navigator Help: The first time you see a new interface (for admissions, reference and
games, and lessons), you will view a video featuring one of your guides describing
the features of the area you are in. If you would like to replay this video at any time,
click on the Help button located on the submenu screen.
The Main Menu
Go directly to the next item
on your plan by clicking on
the Next Stop sign.
The Progress
Bar tells how
much of your
plan you’ve
completed.
Jump to any
item in your
plan with the
Plan List.
Click the Lessons icon (the suitcase)
to choose a lesson.
Play games, test your
vocabulary skills, use
flashcards, or read the test
FAQ in the Reference
Lounge.
Test Center:
Take diagnostic,
practice and
final tests,
and get
feedback!
The Admissions Office has info on
choosing, getting into, and paying
for school, plus scholarship search,
schools search, and comparative
score features.
Click WWW
on the car to
visit Kaplan
online.
Click Quit to exit
the program.
Click Tour
to take the
tour again.
7
The Menus
u The File Menu lets you set up your Printer and Exit the program.
u The Options menu lets you Set Preferences and view Your Profile.
u The Goto menu can take you to the Lessons, Tests, Reference and Games, and
Admissions areas.
u The Help menu will take you to the Help system or to the Test Tutorial.
Your Profile
Choose Your Profile from the Options menu to update your settings or view Your
Plan. Personalized just for you and customized to your individual needs, Your Plan is
based on two things:
• Your Settings
• Your Diagnostic test results
We recommend that you take the Diagnostic test at the beginning of your preparation,
in order to truly personalize Your Plan. If you prefer to skip the Diagnostic, then
under Settings, choose a plan that is not based on the Diagnostic in Your Profile.
At any time you may update Your Plan by choosing Your Profile from the Options
menu and changing Your Settings. Click on Show New Plan to view the results.
Accept your new plan by choosing OK, or cancel the changes by choosing Cancel.
Your Plan will include only lessons, tests and math reviews.
You may jump to items on Your Plan in several ways:
• Choose Your Profile from the Options menu and choose an item from Your Plan.
• Select an item from the plan drop-down menus conveniently located on the Main
Menu, Lessons submenu, and Test Center.
• Go directly to the next item on your plan by clicking in the Next Stop area on the
Main Menu.
Completed pieces of your plan are checked (but you can always return to them by
clicking again).
8
The Lessons
Overview
Each scored question type on the
exam has its own lesson covering:
u The nuts and bolts of the
question type (directions,
how many, timing)
u What you need to know
u The basic Kaplan approach
u Strategies, shortcuts, answering
questions when you’re not sure
u Time management
Lesson Navigation
To move to the next page in a Lesson, click the Forward arrow button . To move to
the previous page, click the Back arrow button . You can push the Replay button
to replay the section you’re in. Clicking on the tabs along the bottom of the screen
will take you to the different sections of the lesson, or to Drills within the lesson.
To quit the session and return to the Main Menu, click the Main button .
Sample Questions in Lessons
Sample questions appear throughout the Lessons. Questions with answer bubbles are
exercises for you to answer: clicking directly on the bubble will show the explanation
of that particular choice. When you answer questions in drills, you’ll have the option
of clicking the Hint button for some help.
9
Reference and Games
Located in the Reference Lounge.
Overview
While the Lessons emphasize the strategic part of test taking – how to
approach the questions, shortcuts for finding the right answer, how to save
time – to score well in math you’ve also got to know basic arithmetic,
algebra and geometry concepts. Similarly, expanding your vocabulary is
invaluable in boosting your verbal score. Some areas of the GMAT require
grammar knowledge, which you can review by using flashcards. The
Reference and Games area covers this content in a variety of ways.
Frequently Asked Questions: Click on the GRE, GMAT or LSAT FAQ,
then click highlighted links for the answers to lots of questions about the
test or about Kaplan.
Vocabulary Builder: Choose the Vocabulary Builder (GRE only) to hone
your vocabulary skills. Match 50 words with their definitions per round.
Select words you missed for later review in the flashcards by clicking the
“Select All” button when the games ends. For Each correct match you will
receive 10 points. For each incorrect match you will lose 5 points. You will
receive 20 additional bonus points for matching all the words in a round.
Flashcards: The Flashcards summarize the math, grammar or vocabulary
you need to know for your test. You can print the vocabulary flashcards by
clicking on the print button on the flashcard screen. You will be presented
with a dialog that gives you the option to print the current flashcard, your
selected flashcards, or all flashcards.
• You can view the Flashcards from the Reference Lounge. You can move
through the Flashcards by using the left and right arrow buttons, or by
clicking the topic buttons at the bottom of the screen — in Vocabulary,
these will be the first letter of the word; in Math and Grammar, they will be
various topics. These buttons will take you to the first card in that topic or
letter.
10
• The Flip button will flip the card over so you can see the other side. You
can choose to see the word (vocabulary) or question (math), then flip to the
definition or answer, or choose to flip from the definition or answer to the
word or question by using the Word/Definition lever. Just move the lever to
your desired setting. Writing and Grammar cards are one-sided and do not
flip. You can also click directly on the flashcard to flip it.
• You can select particular cards to be saved for review. When you’re
viewing a card you wish to select, click the Select button and the card will
be added to the Selected group. When you want to look at the cards you’ve
selected, move the Selected/All lever to the Selected position and those
cards will be displayed. You can clear the selected cards by clicking Clear
Selected. You can go back to the regular view by moving the lever to the
All position.
Games (GRE and GMAT): The Games are fun and exciting — plus, they
reinforce the skills you’ll need to succeed on the test! Each game is played
on a 2-by-4 grid of boxes. The object is always the same: match the two
boxes that are related in some way. The pieces you pair vary depending on
the game you choose (math or verbal). Before each game, you'll receive
instructions explaining what you are to match.
To make a match, first click on one box with your mouse. This will
highlight the box. Then click on the box that best matches the highlighted
box. To deselect a highlighted box, click on it again.
For every correct match, you will receive 20 points. For every incorrect
match, you will lose 5 points.
The pieces change position during the game. You can adjust the speed of
the changes (slow, fast).
11
Admissions
Click on highlighted text to get more information on topics like: Early
Decision, Essays, Financial Aid and Recommendations. The calendar,
based on Kaplan’s time-tested approach to graduate school admissions, will
help you decide where, when and how to apply!
Compare Scores — GMAT and LSAT
You can access Compare Scores through the Admissions area, by clicking
on “Where Do I Stand.” It’s also available in the GoTo menu at the top of
the screen.
Compare Scores allows you to compare your previous GMAT or LSAT
score (you can enter this in the Profile) or your most recent full-length test
score from the software with the average GMAT or LSAT scores of students
at over 400 business and law schools.
Choose which score you want to compare at the top of the screen, then
scroll through the list of graduate schools to find the school you want to
compare with. To move quickly in the list, type the first letter of the school
you want.
If you don’t have a score to compare with, the graph will only show the
average scores of the school you’ve chosen.
You can also link to law and business school web sites by clicking the globe
icon and the name of any school with the small globe icon next to its name.
12
Testing
The Test Center, located on the Main Menu, is the place to go to start tests,
get feedback or see your scores. Use the Your Plan drop-down menu to
navigate to items in Your Plan.
Test you’ve already taken will appear checked off. To view your results or
take the test over, simply double-click that test and select the appropriate
choice from the resulting dialog.
Overview
There are three kinds of tests in Higher Score Guaranteed on the GRE,
GMAT and LSAT:
The Diagnostic is a half-length test that covers all the question types. We
use it to develop Your Plan, give you a baseline score, and analyze your
strategic performance.
The Practice Tests are section-length tests that cover one particular area.
Use them to practice using the Lessons and to build up your stamina.
The Full-Length Tests should be taken near the end of your preparation.
Your analysis will tell you how well you’re using the Lessons and give you
specific advice for test day.
14
Taking a Test
Before starting, you should have the following materials:
• Scrap paper and a pencil if appropriate
• GRE and LSAT: Paper copies of the Diagnostic and Full-length Tests
You do not need a clock as the program will time you.
To begin a test, click on the test you want to take in the Test Center, or click on it in
your Plan. If you have already taken the test, you will have a choice of reviewing your
results or resetting the test. Resetting a test will erase your previous work and allow
you to retake it. You will be offered a short tutorial before beginning your first test.
(If you want to see it again later, go to Help.)
Features of the LSAT Pencil-and-Paper Tests
Here are the options you’ll have if you’re preparing for the LSAT.
The SmartGrid Option
You may choose to view the questions
on the screen, or may follow
along in your test booklet. If you
wish to use the test booklet, then you
may choose the SmartGrid option;
in this mode, you will view only the
answer grid on the screen. The
disadvantage of SmartGrid is that the
program will not record any question
timing information.
Test Mode and Tutor Mode
You may take the Practice Tests (everything other than the Diagnostic and Full-length
Tests) either in Test Mode or in Tutor Mode. In Tutor Mode, you may see hints for the
questions while taking the test, and the test is not timed. We recommend that you use
Tutor Mode at the beginning of your preparation as you use strategies for the first
time. You may set a default for Tutor or Test Mode through the Set Preferences Screen
in the Options menu.
15
The Testing Screen
The Testing Screen contains a Toolbar (Control Bar) on the top, and the Question
Screen on the bottom. Use the Toolbar to move from one question to another, to
indicate your confidence level (Sure or Unsure), to mark questions, and to indicate
when you have finished a section. The Toolbar also displays two clocks, which show
the time spent per question and the time remaining in the section.
The window below the Toolbar shows the question. If the question is based on a
passage, the passage will appear to the left of the question. If the question or passage
is longer than the screen, scroll bars will appear to the right of the passage window.
You may view directions or relevant references during the exam through the Windows
pull-down menu. Online help is also available through the Help menu. Note that the
clock continues to run while you are in Help.
Navigating Through the Test
As you begin each section, the first question will be displayed. The question number
and the section number are both displayed on the Toolbar.
After selecting your answer choice, use the Right Arrow button to move on to the next
question. You can use the Right or Left Arrow buttons to move to the next or previous
question in the section. The right arrow button will not operate once you have reached
the last question in the section.
At any time you may press the Goto button to see a record of your answer choices
within the section. You can then move to any question directly by clicking on the
question number and pressing the ENTER key.
16
Selecting an Answer Choice
To select an answer choice, click on
the bubble to the left of the answer
choice. The bubble will darken.
Clicking again will unselect your
choice. Selecting a new answer choice
will automatically cancel your previous
selection. The program will keep
track of when you change answers,
and whether you change from a wrong
to a right answer or vice versa. (Or whether you change from one wrong answer to
another wrong one.)
Eliminating Answer Choices From Consideration
If you know an answer is wrong, you can eliminate it by clicking directly on the text
of the choice itself (rather than on the bubble). A line will appear through the choice.
Clicking on it again will make the line disappear. The program will track your success
in eliminating wrong choices.
Note: You cannot eliminate every answer choice for a given question. To get the most
accurate performance analysis, eliminate choices only as you try to identify the
correct answer. Once you’ve chosen your answer, don’t eliminate any more choices.
Marking Questions
Mark a question for later review by clicking the Mark It button. A check mark will
appear to indicate that the question is marked. When you use the Goto button to move
to the Answer Grid window, Marked questions will be indicated. To return to a
Marked question from the Grid, click on the line corresponding to the question and
press ENTER.
Confidence
Indicate your level of confidence in your response by clicking the Sure or Unsure
button. Use these buttons only when you are very sure or very unsure. If you have
only moderate confidence in your choice, do not click either button.
17
Timing
Two clocks display the time remaining in the section and the elapsed time on the
current question. If you find a clock distracting, click on it to hide the time from view.
Click again to restore the time. The clock runs when you are viewing questions,
indicating answer choices and eliminations, accessing help, browsing through a
section, and viewing the Goto screen. If you are interrupted for an extended period
while taking the test, you should abort the section by clicking the Erase button and
begin the section again.
You will receive a warning when there are five minutes remaining in the section, and
another warning when there is one minute remaining. The computer will also tell you
when your time has elapsed. (To simulate real test conditions, this option isn’t possible
during the Diagnostic or Full-length Tests.)
Using SmartGrid
If you take a test using SmartGrid, choose your answer by clicking on the answer
bubble and note your confidence level by checking the appropriate box. If you want,
you may mark questions and return to them later.
To eliminate answer choices:
• For Windows users, click on the bubble with your right mouse button.
• For Macintosh users, hold down the option key while clicking on the bubble.
Using Tutor Mode
If you take a Practice Test in Tutor Mode, the highlighted word Explanation will
appear beneath the question. To view the explanation, click on the word.
Finishing a Test
Use the Erase and Finished buttons when you are through with a test (or a section of
a full-length test). The Erase button will delete the information on the section you are
working on. Note that it deletes the information ONLY for that one section in a fulllength
test. If you choose Erase during a full-length test, resuming the test will bring
you back to the beginning of the same section.
Use the Finished button when you are done with a section and want to keep the
record. When you finish a practice test, you may see your results and the explanations.
When you finish a section in the Diagnostic or Full-length Test, you may
continue to the next section.
18
Features of the GMAT and GRE CATs
Here are the options you’ll have if you’re preparing for the GMAT or GRE computeradaptive
tests (CATs).
Testing Screen
The CAT testing screen works just like the computer-adaptive GMAT and GRE tests.
The screen contains a Toolbar on the bottom, below the question screen. Use the
Toolbar to move from one question to another and to indicate when you have finished
a section.
The window above the toolbar shows the question. If the question is based on a
passage, the passage will appear to the left of the question. If the question or passage
is longer than the screen, scroll bars will appear to the right.
Navigating Through the Test
As you begin each section, the first question will be displayed. The question number
and the section name are both displayed at the top of the testing screen. You must
answer the question on screen before another question is displayed.
Selecting an Answer Choice
To select an answer choice, click on
the choice or on the bubble to its left.
The bubble will darken. Clicking
again, or clicking on another choice,
will unselect your first choice. The
program will keep track of your
answers and whether you change
wrong answers to right or vice versa.
After selecting your answer choice, use the Next button, then the Answer Confirm
button, to move on to the next question. If you have only clicked Next, you can
change your answer. Once you click Answer Confirm, however, your answer is
permanent and the next question is automatically displayed.
19
Analysis and Printing
Overview
The Analysis offered at the end of a test is one of the unique features of the Higher
Score software. It allows you to evaluate the success of your test-taking strategies, and
can tell you things you may not have suspected about your performance. The information
is presented to you in tables, analyzing your performance by question type. For
example, you can tell easily whether eliminating choices is helping you more on
Reading than on other question types. This allows you to compile your own personalized
strategy plan for test day. In addition, bullet points highlight important points and
crucial advice for your future performance. Keep in mind, of course, that the analysis
is based on a small amount of data. Nevertheless, you should examine the analysis
closely.
Once you finish an exam, you can view your results. The Diagnostic and Full-length
Test Analysis includes a number of separate screens analyzing your performance.
(Each practice test has one summary analysis screen).
Diagnostic and Full-length Test Analysis
For the Diagnostic and Full-length Tests, the first screen shows the different options
available in Analysis Mode. The same buttons appear on each Analysis screen.
• The Main button returns you to the Main interface screen.
• The Scores button provides your raw and scaled test scores, percentile rankings,
and a table containing the number of questions correct, incorrect, omitted, and not
reached.
Your raw score is calculated from your number correct. It is then converted to a scaled
score. On the actual exam, this scaled score is reported to schools. The scaled score is
converted to a percentile ranking, which shows how you performed relative to a larger
group of test takers. A score in the 65th percentile, for example, indicates that you
scored higher than 65 percent of the students in the larger group.
20
The Scoring Table
The Scoring Table includes information on items Omitted and those Not Reached. A
question that you look at but choose not to answer counts as an Omit; a question that
you have not seen (or saw for less than five seconds) is considered Not Reached.
Neither counts towards your score, but pay attention to the Not Reached: a significant
number of Not Reached questions suggests that you have a timing problem.
Note: The Scoring Table will not track this information for GMAT and GRE CAT
since skipping questions is not permitted on computer-adaptive exams.
• The Types button gives you a bar graph showing the percentage of questions
correct by Question Type. It also provides a table organized by test section, showing
the percentage correct, the average time per question, and the number of questions
not reached.
Using the Analysis Information
Use the information provided in the
Question Type tables to determine
your areas of relative strength and
weakness and to plan your course of
preparation leading up to Test Day.
The tables also provide breakdowns of
specific question subtypes, so that you
can precisely focus your study where
it will do the most good. In addition,
these subtypes also appear in the
Scoring screens, allowing you to track your progress through Higher Score.
Other Analysis Screens
The other Analysis screens include a chart showing your strategic performance on the
test, listed by question type, as well as short bullet points identifying key points and
recommendations.
21
For LSAT tests:
• Sure/Unsure analyzes your performance in terms of the confidence level you
assigned to your responses. Organized by Question Type, it indicates the percentage
correct on questions you felt relatively sure of, and the percentage correct on
questions you felt unsure of.
This analysis is particularly useful because you assign the confidence rating at the
moment of truth, as you are answering each question. If there is a mismatch between
your expressed confidence and your performance, you will be notified by
bullet-point messages. Be on the lookout not only for misplaced confidence (which
can prevent you from giving a question the careful consideration it deserves) but
also for a tendency to underrate your knowledge, which can lead to hesitation or
even skipping questions that you might have gotten right.
• Answer Changing lets you know how good you are at second-guessing your
answers. A table organized by Question Type shows the number of times you
switched from an incorrect answer to a correct one, and the number of times you
switched away from the correct response.
Too much answer changing is not helpful—even if you’re switching to the correct
response, choosing it directly saves time. But sometimes you’ll have to decide
whether to go with your first instinct or with your second (or third) opinion. This
analysis tracks your success at switching. If there is a trend in either direction,
you’ll be notified by a bullet-point message. Then you’ll have a better idea whether
to trust that impulse to switch on the next test you face.
• Elimination provides several types of information. On the most basic level, a table
organized by Question Type shows the number of questions you got correct using
the elimination strategy, and the number of times you eliminated the correct answer.
Messages will tell you whether you generally keep the correct answer in
contention when you eliminate choices, and whether you tend to select the correct
choice from the remaining contenders.
Using the Elimination Strategy well is one of the most powerful ways to improve
your score. Remember, indicate only those answer choices you are able to eliminate
before you settle on your final choice. That way, the program can give you an
accurate analysis of whether you recognize wrong choices when you see them, and
22
whether, having successfully narrowed the field of contenders, you then go on to
score points. After all, identifying wrong choices is only useful if you get the
question right!
• Timing gives you a table organized by Question Type, showing the average time
you spent before settling on correct responses and on incorrect responses. It provides
a listing of the five correct items and five incorrect items on which you spent
the greatest amount of time. (Note that this list does not include questions with
passages; those naturally take longer since you need to read the passage.) It also
gives the average amount of time you spent on questions of low, moderate, and
high difficulty.
Using your time wisely is essential to scoring well. Too much time spent on a
difficult question can hurt your score if you don’t have time to reach an easier
question—and you still might not get that difficult question right! The Timing
screen will tell you whether your perseverance pays off or penalizes you.
For GMAT and GRE CATs:
Answer Changing lets you know how good you are at second-guessing your answers.
A table organized by Question Type shows the number of times you switched
from an incorrect answer to a correct one, and the number of times you switched
away from the correct response.
Too much answer changing is not helpful—even if you’re switching to the correct
response, choosing it directly saves time. But sometimes you’ll have to decide
whether to go with your first instinct or your second (or third) opinion. This analysis
tracks your success at switching. If there is a trend in either direction, you’ll be
notified by a bullet-point message. Then you’ll have a better idea whether to trust that
impulse to switch on the next test you face.
Timing gives you a table organized by question type, showing the average time you
spent before settling on correct responses and incorrect responses. It also provides a
list of the amount of time spent on the first five items—the crucial items—in each
section. (Note that this list does not include items with passages; those naturally take
you longer because you need to read the passage.) The Timing screen helps you see
whether you are spending enough time on the all-important first five questions in each
section to answer them correctly.
23
Practice Test Analysis
The Practice Test Analysis screen shows your performance on the test, and highlights
your use of elimination techniques, your answer changing, your confidence, and your
performance on the five longest questions. Compare your strategic performance on
different tests as you proceed through them.
Printing
You can print any of the Analysis screens by moving to the screen you want to print,
then clicking the Print button. To select or set up your printer, choose Printer Setup
from the File menu.
Explanations
Overview
To view explanations to a test, choose the Explain Answers button from the Analysis
screen. For a multisection test, entering the explanations will enable the Explanations
pull-down menu; use this menu to navigate from one section to another. Within a
section, you can use the Goto or Review List button to move quickly from one question
to another. The Goto screen in Explanations Mode has two options: the Summary
view (the default) shows you the question number and whether you answered the
question correctly. You can easily move to your next incorrect response by just
double-clicking on the question number. Clicking the Details button in the Goto
screen shows your response, the correct response, your confidence level, the question
timing, and the category of the question. You will not always need this level of detail,
but it will prove handy when (for instance) you want to review all your Unsure questions,
for example, or all questions on a particular topic.
The Explanation Window
Each Explanation Window shows the question and its explanation, as well as your
answer, confidence level, eliminations, and other strategic approaches. To view
passages accompanying questions or the passage explanation, use the pull-down
menu. You may quit Explanations Mode by clicking on the Main Menu button at any
point. To return to the explanations of a test you took previously, select the test from
the Goto menu, and choose View Results.
24
Scoring
The Scoring Screens offer invaluable tools for tracking your performance through the
Higher Score. The first screen shows your overall scores on the Diagnostic and Fulllength
Tests; each question type gets its own screen, showing your performance by
category for all tests. For instance, you can track your progress on each type of
reading question throughout Higher Score and use this information to fine-tune your
study plans.
Score Reports
Your performances on the Diagnostic, Practice Tests, and Full-Length Tests are
charted on bar graphs. This is a visual representation of your progress through the
tests. To reach the Scoring area, either click on the Scoring icon on the dashboard,
or choose Scoring from the Test Center. The Scoring Overview screen compares your
performance on the Full-Length tests. If you wish to see your improvement in a
particular question type, select from
the buttons on the right of the
screen. Each Question Type screen
displays your overall progress for
that question type, and further
breaks down your performance by
category, again using easy-to-read
bar graphs.
In some cases, there may be too
many tests to show on one screen.
In that case, the screen will show a
subset of all the tests. To look at scoring information for other tests, click on the
button below one of the bars: this will produce a menu showing all the tests. Choose
the appropriate test from the menu, and its scoring information will appear above the
button.
25
Help and Preferences
Help
To enter the Help system, use the Help pulldown menu. The pulldown menu also
offers the Test Tutorial.
Setting Preferences
Choosing Set Preferences gives you a
screen with several options.
• SmartGrid or On-Screen Questions.
Use these for Diagnostic and
Full-Length Tests on the LSAT.
• Tutor or Test Mode. Choose
whether you want to access explanations
during a Practice Test on
LSAT pencil-and-paper tests.
• Distracting Sounds in Tests. One of the hard parts of taking a standardized test is
concentrating on the test itself and tuning out other noises. To simulate a test
environment, turn on the distracting sounds.
• Grad Bit. Upon completing a lesson or test, you’ll be shown a fun fact about
graduate school. To stop these from appearing, choose this option.
• Skip Intro. Choose whether to skip the intro movies when starting Higher Score.
• Browser. Allows you to choose a Web Browser.
26
Acknowledgments
Reading passages in these tests, as on the actual GRE, GMAT and LSAT, are condensed and adapted
from published material. The ideas contained in them do not necessarily represent the opinions of
Kaplan, Inc. To make the test suitable for testing purposes, we may in some cases have altered the style
or emphases of the original.
Kaplan, Inc.wishes to thank the following for permission to reprint excerpts from published material
used with test questions appearing herein:
GRE:
“Art and Experience in Classical Greece,” by J. J. Pollitt, © 1972 Cambridge University Press.
Reproduced with the permission of Cambridge University Press.
GMAT:
“The Multisectoral Framework for the Analysis of Labor Mobility and Development in LDC’s: an
Application to Post-War Puerto Rico,” by Carlos E. Santiago and Erik Thornbeke, Economic Development
and Cultural Change, vol. 37, no. 1, October 1988. Copyright © 1988 by the University of
Chicago Press. Reprinted by the authors and Chicago Press.
“Hot Gas in the Universe,” by Roger A. Chevalier and Craig L. Sarazin, American Scientist, November-
December 1987, vol. 75, p. 609.
Nan Elizabeth Woodruff’s review of Barbara Jeanne Field’s SLAVERY AND FREEDOM IN THE
MIDDLE GROUND in Journal of Social History, vol. 20, Summer, 1987 pp. 807-809.
“The Profit Motive in Medicine,” by Dan W. Brock and Allen E. Buchanan, Journal of Medicine and
Philosophy, vol. 12(1987). Copyright © by The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, Inc. Reprinted by
permission.
“Sharing the Burden of the International Debt Crisis,” by Stanley Fischer, American Economic Review,
vol. 77, May 1977. Reprinted by permission of American Economic Review.
“When Are Interests Interesting? The Problem of Political Representation of Women,” by Virginia
Sapiro, American Political Science Review, vol. 75, 1981. Reprinted with permission of American
Political Science Review.
LSAT:
“Adaptive Management: Learning from the Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program,” by Kai
N. Lee and Jody Lawrence, Environmental Law, vol. 16, no. 3, Spring 1986. Reprinted by permission
of Environmental Law.
“The Evolutionary Tradition in Jurisprudence,” by E. Donald Elliot. This article originally appeared in
85 Colum. L. Rev. 38 (1985). Copyright © 1985. Reprinted with permission of Columbia Law Review.
“Black Power and the Transformation from Protest to Politics,” by Robert C. Smith. Reprinted with
permission from Political Science Quarterly, 96 (Fall 1981) pp. 431-443.
“Extremist Speech and the Paradox of Tolerance - a review of Lee C. Bollinger’s ‘The Tolerant
Society: Freedom of Speech and Extremist Speech in America’,” by Michael Rosenfeld, Harvard Law
Review, vol. 100, no. 6, June 1987. Copied with permission, © 1988 by the President and Fellows of
Harvard College.
27
“Law and the Innovative Process: Preliminary Reflections,” by Aryeh S. Friedman. Reprinted by
permission of the author and Columbia Business Law Review, vol. 1986, no. 1.
“Licensure of Health Care Professionals: The Consumer’s Case for Abolition,” by Charles H. Baron.
Reprinted with permission from American Journal of Law and Medicine, vol. 9, no. 3. Copyright ©
1983 by American Society of Law and Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
“Must Virtue Be Taught?” by Thomas D. Eissele, originally printed in The Journal of Legal Education,
vol. 37 December 1987. Copyright © 1987.
“Reforming Environmental Regulation: Three Modest Proposals,” by Paul R. Portney, Columbia
Journal of Environmental Law, vol. 13: 201-215 (1988). Reprinted with permission of Columbia
Journal of Environmental Law.
“The Republic Reborn by Steven Watts” a review by Fred Anderson, American Historical Review, vol.
94, no. 2 (April 1989) p. 516. Reprinted by permission of American Historical Review.
“Social Policy and the Welfare of Black Americans: From Rights to Resources,” by Charles V.
Hamilton, Political Science Quarterly, vol. 101, no. 2, 1986. Reprinted by permission, Political Science
Quarterly.
“Sacred Groves and Ravaged Gardens,” by Louise Westling, The University of Georgia Press, 1985.
Copyright © 1985.
“The Wages of Sex: The Uses and Limits of Comparable Worth,” by Paul Weiler, Harvard Law Review,
Vol. 99: 1728 (1986). Reprinted by permission of Harvard Law Review and Paul Weiler.
“Sound Effects” provided courtesy of Dominion Entertainment, Inc.
Photo Credits:
© Archive Photos/Edwin Levick/PNI © Hulton Deutsch/PNI
© Culver Pictures/PNI © Magnum/Chris Steele-Perkins/PNI
GRE is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service, which does not endorse or sponsor this
product. GMAT is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admission Council, which does
not endorse or sponsor this product. LSAT is a registered trademark of the Law School Admission
Council, which does not endorse or sponsor this product.
28
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